feat(omo): retire opencode and move its skills and commands to omo

- Move the vendored skills from .config/opencode/skills to
  .config/omo/skills, with provenance and local changes in its README
- Rewrite Impeccable's script paths to ~/.omo/agent/skills/impeccable so
  its detector and live-server verbs resolve under omo
- frontend-workflow hands screenshots to a visual-engineering task
  instead of opencode run
- Move the notes commands and /impeccable to .config/omo/prompts as omo
  prompt templates; setup-mcp stays behind because it writes
  opencode.json
- Archive DEVELOPMENT-WORKFLOW.md and UI-WORKFLOW.md under
  .config/omo/archive; nothing loads them
- link-ai-configs.sh links the skills into omo and Claude Code only and
  stops linking OpenCode's config, TUI, plugins and workflow docs
- setup-mac.sh and Brewfile.apps stop installing OpenCode; README and
  .withcontextconfig.jsonc follow the new layout

~/.config/opencode/AGENTS.md stays linked: omo's rules engine reads it
before ~/.claude/CLAUDE.md and stops at the first hit, so it carries the
shared preferences and keeps OMC's instructions out of omo.
This commit is contained in:
David Ibia
2026-10-10 14:56:27 +01:00
parent 12f283e7c9
commit ea570af409
150 changed files with 165 additions and 161 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
# AI Writing Detection
Words, phrases, and punctuation patterns commonly associated with AI-generated text. Avoid these to ensure writing sounds natural and human.
Sources: Grammarly (2025), Microsoft 365 Life Hacks (2025), GPTHuman (2025), Walter Writes (2025), Textero (2025), Plagiarism Today (2025), Rolling Stone (2025), MDPI Blog (2025)
---
## Contents
- Em Dashes: The Primary AI Tell
- Overused Verbs
- Overused Adjectives
- Overused Transitions and Connectors
- Phrases That Signal AI Writing (Opening Phrases, Transitional Phrases, Concluding Phrases, Structural Patterns)
- Filler Words and Empty Intensifiers
- Academic-Specific AI Tells
- How to Self-Check
## Em Dashes: The Primary AI Tell
**The em dash (—) has become one of the most reliable markers of AI-generated content.**
Em dashes are longer than hyphens (-) and are used for emphasis, interruptions, or parenthetical information. While they have legitimate uses in writing, AI models drastically overuse them.
### Why Em Dashes Signal AI Writing
- AI models were trained on edited books, academic papers, and style guides where em dashes appear frequently
- AI uses em dashes as a shortcut for sentence variety instead of commas, colons, or parentheses
- Most human writers rarely use em dashes because they don't exist as a standard keyboard key
- The overuse is so consistent that it has become the unofficial signature of ChatGPT writing
### What To Do Instead
| Instead of | Use |
|------------|-----|
| The results—which were surprising—showed... | The results, which were surprising, showed... |
| This approach—unlike traditional methods—allows... | This approach, unlike traditional methods, allows... |
| The study found—as expected—that... | The study found, as expected, that... |
| Communication skills—both written and verbal—are essential | Communication skills (both written and verbal) are essential |
### Guidelines
- Use commas for most parenthetical information
- Use colons to introduce explanations or lists
- Use parentheses for supplementary information
- Reserve em dashes for rare, deliberate emphasis only
- If you find yourself using more than one em dash per page, revise
---
## Overused Verbs
| Avoid | Use Instead |
|-------|-------------|
| delve (into) | explore, examine, investigate, look at |
| leverage | use, apply, draw on |
| optimise | improve, refine, enhance |
| utilise | use |
| facilitate | help, enable, support |
| foster | encourage, support, develop, nurture |
| bolster | strengthen, support, reinforce |
| underscore | emphasise, highlight, stress |
| unveil | reveal, show, introduce, present |
| navigate | manage, handle, work through |
| streamline | simplify, make more efficient |
| enhance | improve, strengthen |
| endeavour | try, attempt, effort |
| ascertain | find out, determine, establish |
| elucidate | explain, clarify, make clear |
---
## Overused Adjectives
| Avoid | Use Instead |
|-------|-------------|
| robust | strong, reliable, thorough, solid |
| comprehensive | complete, thorough, full, detailed |
| pivotal | key, critical, central, important |
| crucial | important, key, essential, critical |
| vital | important, essential, necessary |
| transformative | significant, important, major |
| cutting-edge | new, advanced, recent, modern |
| groundbreaking | new, original, significant |
| innovative | new, original, creative |
| seamless | smooth, easy, effortless |
| intricate | complex, detailed, complicated |
| nuanced | subtle, complex, detailed |
| multifaceted | complex, varied, diverse |
| holistic | complete, whole, comprehensive |
---
## Overused Transitions and Connectors
| Avoid | Use Instead |
|-------|-------------|
| furthermore | also, in addition, and |
| moreover | also, and, besides |
| notwithstanding | despite, even so, still |
| that being said | however, but, still |
| at its core | essentially, fundamentally, basically |
| to put it simply | in short, simply put |
| it is worth noting that | note that, importantly |
| in the realm of | in, within, regarding |
| in the landscape of | in, within |
| in today's [anything] | currently, now, today |
---
## Phrases That Signal AI Writing
### Opening Phrases to Avoid
- "In today's fast-paced world..."
- "In today's digital age..."
- "In an era of..."
- "In the ever-evolving landscape of..."
- "In the realm of..."
- "It's important to note that..."
- "Let's delve into..."
- "Imagine a world where..."
### Transitional Phrases to Avoid
- "That being said..."
- "With that in mind..."
- "It's worth mentioning that..."
- "At its core..."
- "To put it simply..."
- "In essence..."
- "This begs the question..."
### Concluding Phrases to Avoid
- "In conclusion..."
- "To sum up..."
- "By [doing X], you can [achieve Y]..."
- "In the final analysis..."
- "All things considered..."
- "At the end of the day..."
### Structural Patterns to Avoid
- "Whether you're a [X], [Y], or [Z]..." (listing three examples after "whether")
- "It's not just [X], it's also [Y]..."
- "Think of [X] as [elaborate metaphor]..."
- Starting sentences with "By" followed by a gerund: "By understanding X, you can Y..."
---
## Filler Words and Empty Intensifiers
These words often add nothing to meaning. Remove them or find specific alternatives:
- absolutely
- actually
- basically
- certainly
- clearly
- definitely
- essentially
- extremely
- fundamentally
- incredibly
- interestingly
- naturally
- obviously
- quite
- really
- significantly
- simply
- surely
- truly
- ultimately
- undoubtedly
- very
---
## Academic-Specific AI Tells
| Avoid | Use Instead |
|-------|-------------|
| shed light on | clarify, explain, reveal |
| pave the way for | enable, allow, make possible |
| a myriad of | many, numerous, various |
| a plethora of | many, numerous, several |
| paramount | very important, essential, critical |
| pertaining to | about, regarding, concerning |
| prior to | before |
| subsequent to | after |
| in light of | because of, given, considering |
| with respect to | about, regarding, for |
| in terms of | regarding, for, about |
| the fact that | that (or rewrite sentence) |
---
## How to Self-Check
1. Read your text aloud. If phrases sound unnatural in speech, revise them
2. Ask: "Would I say this in a conversation with a colleague?"
3. Check for repetitive sentence structures
4. Look for clusters of the words listed above
5. Ensure varied sentence lengths (not all similar length)
6. Verify each intensifier adds genuine meaning
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
# International SEO: Evidence & Sources
Detailed evidence backing the International SEO & Localization section of the SEO Audit skill. Organized by topic with source URLs and key quotes.
---
## Hreflang
### Placement Methods
Google supports three equivalent methods: HTML `<link>` in `<head>`, HTTP `Link` headers, and XML sitemap `<xhtml:link>` elements. Google confirmed no method is prioritized over another.
Google combines signals from both HTML and sitemaps. If the same language-region pair points to different URLs across methods, Google drops that pair rather than guessing.
- [Google Search Central: Localized Versions](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/international/localized-versions)
- [SEJ: Google Combines Hreflang Signals](https://www.searchenginejournal.com/google-combines-hreflang-signals-from-html-sitemaps/389219/)
### Reciprocal Requirement
Google's docs: "If page X links to page Y, page Y must link back to page X. If not, those annotations may be ignored or not interpreted correctly."
Every page must include itself (self-referencing) in the hreflang set. Missing self-referencing is the #1 error found by Semrush audits. A study of 374,756 domains found 67% of hreflang implementations had issues.
- [Google Search Central: Localized Versions](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/international/localized-versions)
- [Semrush: 9 Common Hreflang Errors](https://www.semrush.com/blog/hreflang-errors/)
- [SE Land: 31% of International Websites Contain Hreflang Errors](https://searchengineland.com/study-31-of-international-websites-contain-hreflang-errors-395161)
### x-default
Introduced April 2013. Designates the fallback page for users whose language/region matches no declared variant. Can point to the same URL as one of the language-specific alternates. Must be included in the complete set of annotations on every variant page.
- [Google Blog: x-default hreflang](https://developers.google.com/search/blog/2013/04/x-default-hreflang-for-international-pages)
- [Google Blog: How x-default can help you (2023)](https://developers.google.com/search/blog/2023/05/x-default)
### Language & Region Codes
Language: ISO 639-1 (2-letter). Region: ISO 3166-1 Alpha 2 (2-letter). Format: `language[-script][-region]`.
You cannot specify a region code alone. Common mistakes: `en-UK` (should be `en-GB`), `es-419` (not ISO 3166-1). A study found 8.9% of sites using hreflang contain invalid language codes.
- [Google Search Central: Localized Versions](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/international/localized-versions)
- [SE Land: 31% Study](https://searchengineland.com/study-31-of-international-websites-contain-hreflang-errors-395161)
### Hreflang at Scale (20+ locales)
With 20 locales, HTML `<head>` hreflang adds ~1.5KB per page for zero user benefit. Sitemap-based hreflang has zero runtime performance impact. `<xhtml:link>` child elements do NOT count toward the 50,000 URL sitemap limit (only `<loc>` elements count).
John Mueller recommends focusing hreflang on pages receiving wrong-language traffic, not every page: "I wouldn't do it for any of the other pages of the site because it's so complex & hard to manage."
- [SERoundtable: Child Elements Don't Count](https://www.seroundtable.com/google-child-elements-dont-count-towards-sitemap-url-limit-34377.html)
- [SERoundtable: Where To Focus Hreflang](https://www.seroundtable.com/using-hreflang-34127.html)
- [Yoast: hreflang Ultimate Guide](https://yoast.com/hreflang-ultimate-guide/)
### Google vs Bing
Bing treats hreflang as a "weak signal." Bing relies on `content-language` meta tag, HTML `lang` attribute, ccTLDs, and server location. Yandex supports hreflang like Google.
For both engines: implement hreflang (Google/Yandex) + `<html lang="...">` + `<meta http-equiv="content-language">` (Bing).
- [Digital Ready Marketing: Bing Doesn't Use Hreflang](https://digitalreadymarketing.com/bing-doesnt-use-hreflang-annotation-what-does-it-use/)
- [Yoast: hreflang Ultimate Guide](https://yoast.com/hreflang-ultimate-guide/)
---
## Canonicalization & i18n
### Self-Referencing Canonicals
Each locale page must canonical to itself. John Mueller: "Don't use a rel=canonical across languages/countries, only use it on a per-country/language basis."
Google's docs: "Specify a canonical page in the same language, or the best possible substitute language if a canonical doesn't exist for the same language."
- [John Mueller: hreflang canonical](https://johnmu.com/hreflang-canonical/)
- [Google: Consolidate Duplicate URLs](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/consolidate-duplicate-urls)
### Canonical Overrides Hreflang
Mueller: "If your canonical is pointing somewhere else, Google will follow that and ignore your hreflang annotation." The canonical URL must be one of the URLs in the hreflang set, or all hreflang markup is ignored.
Google also states: "Google prefers URLs that are part of hreflang clusters for canonicalization" -- when signals align, hreflang strengthens canonical selection.
- [John Mueller: hreflang canonical](https://johnmu.com/hreflang-canonical/)
- [SEJ: Hreflang Tags Are Hints](https://www.searchenginejournal.com/google-reminds-that-hreflang-tags-are-hints-not-directives/546428/)
- [Google: Consolidate Duplicate URLs](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/consolidate-duplicate-urls)
### Near-Duplicate Regional Variants
Mueller (2023 Office Hours): "If the content is completely the same, and we can't tell any difference, then for simplicity and user experience we may just show one version -- even if hreflang is present."
Google's duplicate detection runs BEFORE hreflang evaluation. To keep both versions indexed, you need substantive content differences beyond currency symbols.
- [International Web Mastery: Same-Language Duplicate Pages](https://internationalwebmastery.com/blog/how-google-handles-canonicalization-of-same-language-duplicate-near-duplicate-pages/)
- [Google: Managing Multi-Regional Sites](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/international/managing-multi-regional-sites)
### Pagination Across Locales
Google: "Don't use the first page of a paginated sequence as the canonical page. Instead, give each page its own canonical URL." Each paginated page in each locale gets self-referencing canonical. `rel="next/prev"` deprecated March 2019.
- [Google: Pagination Best Practices](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/ecommerce/pagination-and-incremental-page-loading)
---
## International Sitemaps
### Structure
Each `<url>` entry includes `<xhtml:link>` alternates for every locale. Requires `xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"` namespace.
Split sitemaps by content type, not by locale. Splitting by locale creates maintenance problems because every locale sitemap must reference every other locale (reciprocal requirement).
- [Google Search Central: Localized Versions](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/international/localized-versions)
- [Lumar: How Google Handles Hreflang](https://www.lumar.io/office-hours/hreflang/)
### Size Limits
50,000 URLs / 50MB uncompressed per sitemap. Only `<loc>` elements count toward the 50K limit. But with 20 hreflang alternates per entry, the 50MB file size limit becomes the bottleneck. Plan for 2,000-5,000 URLs per sitemap when using full hreflang.
- [Google: Build and Submit a Sitemap](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/sitemaps/build-sitemap)
- [SERoundtable: Sitemap 50,000 Limit](https://www.seroundtable.com/google-sitemap-50-000-limit-based-on-location-urls-not-alternative-urls-33843.html)
### Submission
Submit the sitemap index in Search Console AND reference it in robots.txt. Individual child sitemaps can be submitted separately for per-sitemap reporting.
- [Google: Build and Submit a Sitemap](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/sitemaps/build-sitemap)
### Next.js Caveat
Next.js `alternates.languages` does NOT automatically include a self-referencing `<xhtml:link>` for the `<loc>` URL. You must explicitly include the `<loc>` URL's own language in the `languages` object.
- [Next.js Docs: sitemap.xml](https://nextjs.org/docs/app/api-reference/file-conventions/metadata/sitemap)
---
## URL Structure
### Strategies Compared
Google treats subdirectories and subdomains equivalently. Mueller: "From our point of view...they say subdomains and subdirectories are essentially equivalent."
URL parameters (`?lang=en`) are explicitly "Not recommended" per Google docs.
- [Google: Managing Multi-Regional Sites](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/international/managing-multi-regional-sites)
### Default Language
Mueller recommends: set `/` as x-default, put each language in its own prefix. Without marking `/` as x-default, "to Google it can look like '/' is a separate page from the others."
- [Google Blog: x-default](https://developers.google.com/search/blog/2023/05/x-default)
- [Google Blog: Creating the Right Homepage](https://developers.google.com/search/blog/2014/05/creating-right-homepage-for-your)
### Content Negotiation / IP Redirects
Google strongly advises against locale-adaptive pages. Googlebot crawls from US IPs and does not send Accept-Language headers. Separate URLs + hreflang are required.
- [Google: Locale-Adaptive Pages](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/international/locale-adaptive-pages)
### Trailing Slash Consistency
Mueller: trailing slash is "a significant part of the URL and will change the URL if it's there or not." Pick one format for all locale paths, internal links, canonicals, hreflang, and sitemaps.
Mueller (2025): "Consistency is the biggest technical SEO factor."
- [SERoundtable: Consistency Is The Biggest Technical SEO Factor](https://www.seroundtable.com/google-consistency-seo-40427.html)
### Search Console Geotargeting
The International Targeting report is deprecated. Google now relies entirely on hreflang, content language analysis, and linking patterns. You can add subdirectory properties for per-locale reporting.
- [Google Support: International Targeting Deprecated](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/12474899?hl=en)
### Framework Locale Modes
Use `localePrefix: 'always'` (next-intl) or equivalent. Never hide locale from URLs -- Google needs unique URLs per language. Using `'never'` mode disables alternate links entirely.
- [next-intl: Routing Configuration](https://next-intl.dev/docs/routing/configuration)
- [Next.js Discussion #18419](https://github.com/vercel/next.js/discussions/18419)
---
## Content Quality Across Locales
### Auto-Translated Content (2025 Stance)
Google removed longstanding guidance advising against auto-translated content in mid-2025. Current stance: "Our policies do not strictly define content that has been translated by AI as spam." The scaled content abuse policy mentions translation as a possible vector, but does not ban it.
Reddit scaled AI translations to 35+ languages with Google's knowledge. The key distinction is intent and quality, not the method.
- [Google Spam Policies](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/essentials/spam-policies)
- [Glenn Gabe: Auto-Translating Content](https://www.gsqi.com/marketing-blog/auto-translating-content-google-scaled-content-abuse/)
- [SE Land: Reddit AI Translations](https://searchengineland.com/google-comments-on-reddits-use-of-ai-to-translate-its-pages-456908)
### Thin Locale Pages
Google: "Localized versions of a page are only considered duplicates if the main content of the page remains untranslated." Pages with only translated boilerplate get clustered as duplicates.
Do NOT use noindex for unwanted locale pages (wastes crawl budget). Do NOT canonical cross-locale (conflicts with hreflang). Best approach: don't create locale pages you can't make genuinely helpful.
- [Google: Localized Versions](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/international/localized-versions)
- [Google: Crawl Budget Management](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/large-site-managing-crawl-budget)
### Helpful Content System Impact
Merged into core ranking March 2024. Site-wide signal: "any content -- not just unhelpful content -- on sites determined to have relatively high amounts of unhelpful content overall is less likely to perform well in Search."
Low-quality translated pages can drag down the entire site. This is the strongest argument against creating locale pages that aren't genuinely helpful.
- [Google Blog: Helpful Content Update](https://developers.google.com/search/blog/2022/08/helpful-content-update)
- [Amsive: What Changed in 2024](https://www.amsive.com/insights/seo/googles-helpful-content-update-ranking-system-what-happened-and-what-changed-in-2024/)
### Partial Translation
Google: "Translating only the boilerplate text of your pages while keeping the bulk of your content in a single language...can create a bad user experience." Google uses visible content (not lang attribute) to determine page language.
Translate ALL content on a page if you create a locale version. Untranslated metadata (title, description) in the wrong language reduces CTR.
- [Google: Managing Multi-Regional Sites](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/international/managing-multi-regional-sites)
### Crawl Budget
Only a concern for 1M+ pages or 10K+ pages changing daily. But alternate URLs (hreflang targets) do consume crawl budget. Broken hreflang links waste budget AND invalidate signals.
- [Google: Crawl Budget Management](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/large-site-managing-crawl-budget)
- [Google Blog: Crawl Budget](https://developers.google.com/search/blog/2017/01/what-crawl-budget-means-for-googlebot)
### Locale-Specific Signals
Google identifies audience via: "local addresses and phone numbers on the pages, the use of local language and currency, links from other local sites, or signals from your Business Profile."
- [Google: Managing Multi-Regional Sites](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/international/managing-multi-regional-sites)
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
# Rankings Push
Audits find what's broken. This reference covers the next step: moving pages that already rank onto page one, and shipping new pages so they start strong. Both are cheaper than winning a query from nothing, because Google has already decided the site is relevant.
## Find the candidates
From Search Console, pull query + page pairs for the trailing 28 days (compare with the previous period to filter out spikes):
| Bucket | Filter | Fix type |
|--------|--------|----------|
| **Striking distance** | Average position 8–20, impressions above a floor that fits the site (often 100+/month) | Content and links |
| **Weak click-through** | Position 1–5, CTR well below other pages at similar positions | Title and meta description |
| **Near the top** | Position 4–7 on a revenue query | Content, links, and featured-snippet format |
Prioritize by business value: a position-11 query that drives demos beats a position-9 glossary term with three times the impressions.
Before touching a page, check for **cannibalization**: if two of your pages rank for the same query, positions often bounce between them and neither climbs. Pick one owner, merge the useful parts of the other into it, and redirect.
## Diagnose against the top three
Open the three results above you and write down, for each one, the concrete reason it wins. Usually one of these:
- **Intent match.** They answer the question the searcher is asking; your page answers a neighboring one. A pricing query answered with a features page loses.
- **A missing section.** They cover a sub-question you skip. The People Also Ask box and the subheadings across the top results show what searchers expect.
- **Freshness.** Their facts, screenshots, or year are current and yours aren't.
- **Format.** They have the table, steps, or tool the query calls for.
- **Links.** They're linked from more, and stronger, pages, inside their site and out.
If you can't name a reason, don't guess with a rewrite. The gap is more likely authority than on-page, and the fix is links (the `backlink-prospecting` loop in `marketing-loops`) rather than content.
## Make the smallest change that closes the gap
- **Answer the query in the first two sentences**, then expand. This is also the passage AI Overviews and assistants tend to quote.
- **Add the missing section**, not a rewrite of the whole page. Pages that already rank have signals worth keeping.
- **Put the query in the title and H1** if it reads naturally. If the title is already aligned, leave it.
- **Add internal links to the page** from your strongest related pages, with anchor text that describes the target. This is often the biggest single lever and the most neglected.
- **Refresh what's stale**: facts, screenshots, the year, broken links.
- **For weak click-through only**, change the title and meta description and nothing else, so the result is attributable. Patterns in [title-tags.md](title-tags.md).
Record the starting position, impressions, and CTR, then wait 3–4 weeks before judging or changing the page again. Rankings take time to settle after an edit, and stacked changes make it impossible to know what worked.
If two rounds move nothing, stop editing. The page is probably limited by intent mismatch (Google wants a different kind of page) or authority, and more on-page work won't fix either.
## Shipping a new page
A new page should launch with everything it needs to be found, so it doesn't spend months as an orphan:
- [ ] Internal links from at least three relevant existing pages, with descriptive anchors
- [ ] Unique title and meta description matching the target query
- [ ] One H1, aligned with the title
- [ ] Self-referencing canonical
- [ ] Added to the XML sitemap
- [ ] Structured data where the page type supports it (see `schema`)
- [ ] Main content present in the server-rendered HTML, not only after JavaScript runs
- [ ] Indexable: no stray `noindex`, not blocked in robots.txt
- [ ] Linked to the right conversion path (see `cro`)
After it ships, request indexing once in Search Console. Requesting again doesn't speed anything up. If the page isn't indexed after a few weeks, check the causes in the Indexation section of the audit instead of resubmitting.
## Run it on a schedule
The striking-distance push loop in `marketing-loops` runs this weekly with state, cooldowns, and a stop rule. The SEO operator recipe in the same skill combines it with the other SEO loops.
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
# Title Tags
How to write and audit titles for both rankings and clicks. The title is the strongest on-page relevance signal you control and the first thing a searcher reads, so it has two jobs. It has to match the query, and it has to win the click against nine other results.
## Start from the results page
Search the page's target query before writing. The titles already ranking tell you three things:
- **The format Google rewards** for this query: lists, guides, tools, product pages, comparisons.
- **The words searchers expect to see**: modifiers like "best," "free," "template," "vs," a year, a number.
- **The gap**: what every title promises, and what none of them do.
Match the format, use the expected words, and differentiate on the gap. A how-to title on a query where every result is a tool page loses no matter how well it's written.
## Default structure
```text
[Primary query] + [what makes this result worth clicking] + [brand, if it helps]
```
- **Query first.** Put it in the first few words, where both the ranking and the reader's scan start.
- **Then the reason to click**: a number, a specific outcome, a scope ("for Shopify stores"), freshness, or a format ("free template").
- **Brand last**, and only where it earns the space. A well-known brand adds clicks; an unknown one mostly adds truncation risk.
- **About 50–60 characters.** Google truncates by pixel width, not characters, so keep the important words in the first 50.
## Pattern by page type
Pick the page type first, then the pattern. Don't blend two patterns in one title unless the results page does.
| Page type | When | Pattern |
|-----------|------|---------|
| Product / feature | Commercial query for what you sell | `[Category] for [Audience] \| [Brand]` |
| Pricing | "[brand] pricing," "[category] cost" | `[Brand] Pricing: Plans and Costs` |
| Comparison | "X vs Y" | `[A] vs [B]: [the deciding difference]` |
| Alternatives | "[competitor] alternatives" | `[N] Best [Competitor] Alternatives ([Year])` |
| Listicle | "best [things]" | `[N] Best [Things] for [Audience] in [Year]` |
| How-to | Task query | `How to [Task]` or `How to [Task] Without [Obstacle]` |
| Definition | "what is [term]" | `What Is [Term]? [Short payoff]` |
| Guide / pillar | Broad topic | `[Topic]: A Complete Guide for [Audience]` |
| Template / tool | "[thing] template," "[thing] calculator" | `Free [Thing] [Template/Calculator] ([Format])` |
| Troubleshooting | Error or problem query | `How to Fix [Problem]` or `[Error]: What It Means and How to Fix It` |
Only use "free," a year, or a number when the page delivers on it. A "2026" title on a page last updated in 2024 is a promise the content breaks.
## Keep the set consistent
- **Title, H1, URL slug, and meta description** should all describe the same topic. They don't need identical wording, but a reader moving from the title to the page should never wonder whether they landed in the right place.
- **Every title is unique.** Duplicates split relevance and usually mean a template is filling in the same string everywhere.
- **Don't change slugs** to chase a year or a number. Change the title; leave the URL and its links alone.
## Google rewrites titles
Google replaces the title tag with its own text in a meaningful share of results, usually taking it from the H1 or anchor text. It does this most often when a title is:
- Much longer than the display width
- Stuffed with keywords or repeated boilerplate ("| Brand | Brand Blog | Home")
- Out of line with the page's H1 or content
- Generic ("Home," "Products," "Untitled")
If Search Console or a live search shows a different title than the one you wrote, treat it as a signal: tighten the title and align it with the H1.
## Fixing low click-through
A page in the top five with a click-through rate well below other pages at the same position has a title or description problem, not a content problem. Compare it to the results around it and rewrite to:
- State the specific outcome or answer, not the topic
- Add the qualifier the searcher is filtering for (audience, platform, price, format)
- Remove words that add length without meaning ("Ultimate," "Complete Guide to the Many...")
Change one page at a time and record the baseline CTR, so a gain is attributable. Allow 3–4 weeks before judging.
## Common fixes
| Problem | Before | After |
|---------|--------|-------|
| Says nothing | `Home` | `Invoicing Software for Freelancers \| Acme` |
| Bloated | `The Ultimate Complete Guide to Everything About Email Deliverability` | `Email Deliverability: 12 Fixes for Inbox Placement` |
| Wrong page type | `Plans That Grow With You` | `Acme Pricing: Plans and Costs` |
| Brand first on an unknown brand | `Acme \| Project Management for Agencies` | `Project Management for Agencies \| Acme` |
| Promise the page breaks | `Free CRM Templates` (one paid template) | `CRM Template for Small Teams (Google Sheets)` |
## Bulk audits
Work from a crawl export (URL, title, H1, length, indexable status) and, if available, Search Console queries per page. Return changes as a table the owner can approve line by line:
```markdown
| Page | Current title | Proposed title | Reason |
|------|---------------|----------------|--------|
| /pricing | Plans That Grow With You | Acme Pricing: Plans and Costs | Matches the "acme pricing" query |
```
Give 2–3 options only for the pages that matter most (top revenue pages, top-5 rankings with weak CTR). For the long tail, one proposal per page keeps the review fast.